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HPPC (Hybrid Power Pulse Characterization)

HPPC

Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) is a standardized, high-rate battery testing method used to determine dynamic power capability, DC internal resistance (DCIR), and voltage response across a battery’s usable state of charge (SOC). It simulates real-world EV acceleration/braking through discharge and regeneration pulses.

Key Details About HPPC

Purpose: Measures maximum power capability (discharge/regen) and helps build equivalent circuit models (ECM) for battery management systems (BMS).
Methodology: Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test. Discharge and charge pulses performed on the cell for 10 seconds at discrete SOCs varies between 90% to 10% SOCs with 10% increments.
Test Sequence: Typically includes a short, high-rate discharge pulse, followed by a rest period, and then a charge (regeneration) pulse.
Metrics Derived:
- DC Internal Resistance (DCIR): Indicates efficiency and heat generation.
- Pulse Power Capability: Measures 10-second charge/discharge power.
Applications: Essential for electric vehicle (EV) battery performance evaluation, aging, and state estimation.

HPPC is commonly defined by standards such as ISO 12405, IEC 62660, and SAE J1798.

Core Components of the Test

The test typically follows a specific profile at various States of Charge (SOC):

Discharge Pulse: A short, high-current load (often 10 seconds) to measure maximum power output.
Regeneration Pulse: A short charge pulse to measure how the battery absorbs energy.
Rest Periods: Intervals between pulses to allow the battery to reach electrochemical and thermal equilibrium.

Data Obtained

Engineers use the resulting voltage and current data to calculate critical performance metrics:

DC Internal Resistance (DCIR): Indicates how much energy is lost as heat.
Open Circuit Voltage (OCV): The resting voltage at different discharge levels.
Pulse Power Capability: The maximum power the battery can safely deliver or receive at a given SOC.
Equivalent Circuit Models (ECM): HPPC data is essential for creating mathematical battery models used in simulation software like MATLAB.

Common standards defining these procedures include ISO 12405, IEC 62660, and the USABC (United States Advanced Battery Consortium) manuals.

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